Immune Response to anti-HBs Antibodies in Health Workers Following Hepatitis B Vaccination
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31964/mltj.v7i2.418Keywords:
vaccination, anti-HBs, health workersAbstract
According to Regulation No. 53 of 2015 of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, a high risk of HBV infection in health workers is a problem that requires attention, and vaccination knowledge is critical to reducing these risk factors. Furthermore, because some people do not produce a sufficient antibody-forming (anti-HBs) response to HBsAg, testing for evidence of protective immunity against hepatitis B vaccination is required (Hepatitis B Surface Antigen). The purpose of the study was to determine the mapping of the characteristics of anti-HBs antibodies response after hepatitis B vaccination in health workers in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, smoking habits, obesity, vaccination frequency, last time of vaccination. Sixty vaccinated health workers were used to creating the research sample. Anti-HBs levels/titers in serum were measured using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method, and a questionnaire was used to compile the data for this study. Age, gender, smoking, obesity, and vaccination dose were all used to map the outcomes of the anti-HBs antibody immune response study. Anti-HBs antibody response in health workers was graded as poor in 36 people (60%) and strong in 24 (40%). Regarding ethnic origin, lifestyle, obesity, and vaccination dose (frequency), there was no significant link between post-vaccination anti-HBs antibody response in health workers. In terms of age and gender, there is a strong association between post-vaccination anti-HBs antibody responses in health workers. Low antibody titers should be revaccinated to enhance anti-HBs titers, and health workers who smoke should quit because it reduces the levels of anti-HBs titers produced clinically.References
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Shouval, D. (2003). Hepatitis B vaccines. Journal of Hepatology, 39(1), 70–76. doi: 10.1016/S0168-8278(03)00152-1.
Struve, J., Aronsson, B., Frenning, B., Granath, F., Sydow, M. V., Weiland, O. (1992). Intramuscular Versus Intradermal Administration of a Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine: a Comparison of Response Rates and Analysis of Factors Influencing the Antibody Response. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 24(4), 423–429. doi: 10.3109/00365549209052627.
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Winter, A. P. et al. (1994). Influence of smoking on immunological responses to hepatitis B vaccine. Vaccine, 12(9), 771–772. doi: 10.1016/0264-410X(94)90283-6.
Yang, S. et al. (2016). Factors Influencing Immunologic Response to Hepatitis B Vaccine in Adults. Scientific Reports, 6, 27251. doi: 10.1038/srep27251.
Yulia, D. (2019). Virus Hepatitis B Ditinjau dari Aspek Laboratorium. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 8, 247–254.
Zhao, Y.L., Han, B.H., Zhang, X.J., Pan, L.L., Zhou, H.S., Gao, Z., et al.(2019). Immune Persistence 17 to 20 Years After Primary Vaccination with Recombination Hepatitis B Vaccine (CHO) and The Effect of Booster Dose Vaccination. BMC Infect Dis,19(1), 1–7.
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Bastiangga, D., Hapsari, R. (2019). Profil Imunitas Terhadap Virus Hepatitis B Pada Tenaga Kesehatan Di Rimah Sakit Nasional Diponegoro Semarang. Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro, 8(4), 1338-1350.
Bagheri-Jamebozorgi, M., Keshavarz, J., Nemati, M., Mohammadi-Hossainabad, S. and Rezayati, M.T., Nejad-Ghaderi, M., Jamalizadeh, A., Shokri, F., Jafarzadeh, A. (2014) ‘The Persistence of Anti-HBs Antibody and Anamnestic Response 20 Years After Primary Vaccination with Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine at Infancy. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 10(12), 3731–3736. doi: 10.4161/hv.34393.
Banatvala, J., Van Damme, P. and Oehen, S. (2000). Lifelong protection against hepatitis B: The role of vaccine immunogenicity in immune memory. Vaccine, 19(7–8), 877–885. doi: 10.1016/S0264-410X(00)00224-3.
Bouman, A. et al. (2004). Gender Difference in The Non-Specific and Specific Immune Response in Humans. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 52(1), 19–26. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2004.00177.x.
Cahyono, J. S. (2010). Hepatitis B. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Cardell, K. (2009). Studies on Hepatitis B Vaccination and Factors Associated with the Vaccine Response Kristina Cardell Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences Linköping University Sweden Linköping 2009.
Chaurasia, R., Jain, A. (2009). Microbiology & Immunology. 4th Edition. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P).
Choe, Y. J. et al. (2020). Associations between geographic region and immune response variations to pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in clinical trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 92, 261–268. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.12.021.
Dunn-Walters, D. K., Banerjee, M. and Mehr, R. (2003). Effects of age on antibody affinity maturation. Biochemical Society Transactions, 31(2), 447–448. doi: 10.1042/BST0310447.
El-Sayed, B. et al. (2010). Long-term Immunogenicity of Hepatitis B Vaccination in children. Zagazig Journal of Occupational Health and Safety, 2(2),16–28. doi: 10.4314/zjohs.v2i2.49258.
Fink, A.L., Klein, S. (2018). The Evolution of Greater Humoral Immunity in Females Than Males: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy. Curr Opin Physiol, 6, 16–20. doi: 10.1016/j.cophys.2018.03.010.The.
Haralambieva, I. H. et al. (2014). Associations between race, sex and immune response variations to rubella vaccination in two independent cohorts. Vaccine, 32(17), 1946–1953. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.090.
Jabal, K. A., Ben-Amram, H., Beiruti, K., Batheesh, Y., Sussan, C., Zarka, S., Edelstein, M. (2021). Impact of Age, Ethnicity, Sex and Prior Infection Status on Immunogenicity Following a Single Dose of the BNT162b2 MRNA COVID-19 Vaccine: Real-world Evidence from Healthcare Workers, Israel, December 2020 to January 2021. Eurosurveillance, 26(6), 1–5. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.6.2100096.
Kemenkes RI (2015). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 53 Tahun 2015. Jakarta.
Kemenkes RI (2019) Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2018 (Indonesia Health Profile 2018). http://www.depkes.go.id/resources/download/pusdatin/profil-kesehatan-indonesia/Data-dan-Informasi_Profil-Kesehatan-Indonesia-2018.pdf.
Klein, S.L., Flanagan, K. (2016). Sex Differences in Immune Responses. Nature Reviews Immunology, 16(10), 626–638. doi: 10.1038/nri.2016.90.
Levinson W. (2014). Medical Microbiology and Immunology. 3th Edition. United States: Mc Graw Hill Education.
Mahawal, B. S. et al. (2013). Estimation of Anti Hbs antibody titer in adults during 5–10 years period following three doses of vaccine. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 7(1), 20–23.
Ortona, E., Pierdominici, M. and Rider, V. (2019). Sex Hormones and Gender Differences in Immune Responses, Frontiers in Immunology. doi: 10.3389/978-2-88945-936-0.
Pusdatin Kemenkes RI (2017) Situasi Penyakit Hepatitis B di Indonesia, Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Rao, T. V., Suseela, I. J. and Sathiavathy, K. A. (2008). Estimation of Antibodies to HBsAg in Vaccinated Health Care Workers. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 26(1), 93–94.
Roggendorf, M. and Viazov, S. (2003). Health Care Workers and Hepatitis B. Journal of Hepatology, 39, 89–92. doi: 10.1016/s0168-8278(03)00313-1.
Sahana, H. V., Sarala, N. and Prasad, S. R. (2017). Decrease in Anti-HBs Antibodies Over Time in Medical Students and Healthcare Workers after Hepatitis B Vaccination. BioMed Research International, 2017, 5. doi: 10.1155/2017/1327492.
Shouval, D. (2003). Hepatitis B vaccines. Journal of Hepatology, 39(1), 70–76. doi: 10.1016/S0168-8278(03)00152-1.
Struve, J., Aronsson, B., Frenning, B., Granath, F., Sydow, M. V., Weiland, O. (1992). Intramuscular Versus Intradermal Administration of a Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine: a Comparison of Response Rates and Analysis of Factors Influencing the Antibody Response. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 24(4), 423–429. doi: 10.3109/00365549209052627.
Sudiono, J. (2014). Sistem Kekebalan Tubuh. Jakarta: EGC.
Tripathy, S. et al. (2011). Study of immune response after hepatitis B vaccination in medical students and healthcare workers. Indian Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 42, 315–321.
Varshochi, M., Taghizadeh, S. (2013). Correlation Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Immunologic Response to Hepatitis B Vaccine. Life Science Journal, 10(1).
Wagner, A., Garner-Spitzer, E., Jasinska, J., Kollaritsch, H., Stiasny, K., Kundi, M., Wiedermann, U. (2018). Age-related differences in humoral and cellular immune responses after primary immunisation: Indications for stratified vaccination schedules. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 1–12. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28111-8.
Wang, L. Y. and Lin, H. H. (2007). Ethnicity, substance use, and response to booster hepatitis B vaccination in anti-HBs-seronegative adolescents who had received primary infantile vaccination. Journal of Hepatology, 46(6), 1018–1025. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2007.01.022.
Winter, A. P. et al. (1994). Influence of smoking on immunological responses to hepatitis B vaccine. Vaccine, 12(9), 771–772. doi: 10.1016/0264-410X(94)90283-6.
Yang, S. et al. (2016). Factors Influencing Immunologic Response to Hepatitis B Vaccine in Adults. Scientific Reports, 6, 27251. doi: 10.1038/srep27251.
Yulia, D. (2019). Virus Hepatitis B Ditinjau dari Aspek Laboratorium. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 8, 247–254.
Zhao, Y.L., Han, B.H., Zhang, X.J., Pan, L.L., Zhou, H.S., Gao, Z., et al.(2019). Immune Persistence 17 to 20 Years After Primary Vaccination with Recombination Hepatitis B Vaccine (CHO) and The Effect of Booster Dose Vaccination. BMC Infect Dis,19(1), 1–7.
Zimmermann, P., Curtin, N. (2019). Factors That Influence the Immune Response to Vaccination. Clinical Microbiology, 32(2).
Zuckerman, J. N. et al. (1997). Immune Response to A New Hepatitis B Vaccine in Healthcare Workers Who Had not Responded to Standard Vaccine: Randomised Double Blind Dose-Response Study. British Medical Journal, 314(7077), 329–333. doi: 10.1136/bmj.314.7077.329.
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2021-12-31
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Rakhmina, D., Norsiah, W., Herlina, T. E., Sari, N. M., Pertiwi, R., Ariani, R., & Rahman, S. (2021). Immune Response to anti-HBs Antibodies in Health Workers Following Hepatitis B Vaccination. Medical Laboratory Technology Journal, 7(2), 182–193. https://doi.org/10.31964/mltj.v7i2.418
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