Condition Optimization for The Analysis of Risperidone and 9-0H-Risperidone by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31964/mltj.v0i0.424Keywords:
Risperidone, 9-OH-risperidone, clozapine, High-Performance Liquid ChromatographyAbstract
Risperidone (RIS) is one of the most widely used atypical antipsychotics for treating schizophrenia in hospitals. RIS is metabolized by the liver and produces the primary active metabolite 9-OH-Risperidone (9-OHR). In the process of RIS metabolism, it is suspected that there are gene polymorphisms that cause variations in patient responses. Analysis of RIS and 9-OHR levels in the patient's blood can help to explain the various responses. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is the most popular method to analyze RIS and 9-OHR, but many deficiencies were found in the chromatograms in the previous study. This research aims to obtain optimal conditions of the analysis prior to method validation. Condition optimization by optimizing the wavelength, composition of the mobile phase, pH, flow rate, and particle size of the stationary phase. The results showed that the wavelength was 279 nm, the mobile phase was 0.05 M KH2PO4 pH 3.7: acetonitrile (94:6, v/v) plus 0.3% triethylamine, and the flow rate was 1.2 ml/min in the stationary phase (LiChroCART® RP 18; 250x4 mm; 10 µm) being the optimal condition. This method is suggested to continue method validation for analyzing RIS and 9-OHR in the serum or plasma.References
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Zhang, J. P., Lencz, T., Geisler, S., DeRosse, P., Bromet, E. J., & Malhotra, A. K. (2013). Genetic variation in BDNF is associated with antipsychotic treatment resistance in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 146(1–3), 285–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.01.020
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Frahnert, C., Rao, M. L., & Grasmäder, K. (2003). Analysis of eighteen antidepressants, four atypical antipsychotics, and active metabolites in serum by liquid chromatography: A simple tool for therapeutic drug monitoring. Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences, 794(1), 35–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1570-0232(03)00393-3
Hplc-uv, M. (2018). Determination of Risperidone and its Active Metabolite 9-Hydroxyrisperidone in Plasma by Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction – HPLC-UV. 13(1), 57–67.
Kirschbaum, K. M., Finger, S., Vogel, F., Burger, R., Gerlach, M., Riederer, P., & Hiemke, C. (2008). LC with Column-Switching and Spectrophotometric Detection for Determination of Risperidone and 9-Hydroxyrisperidone in Human Serum. (3), 321–324. https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-007-0506-1
Lisbeth, P., Vincent, H., Kristof, M., Bernard, S., Manuel, M., & Hugo, N. (2016). Genotype and co-medication dependent CYP2D6 metabolic activity: Effects on serum concentrations of aripiprazole, haloperidol, risperidone, paliperidone, and zuclopenthixol. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 72(2), 175–184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-015-1965-1
Mandrioli, R., Mercolini, L., Lateana, D., Boncompagni, G., & Augusta, M. (2011). Analysis of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone in human plasma, urine, and saliva by MEPS-LC-UV. Journal of Chromatography B, 879(2), 167–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.11.033
Naumovska, Z., Brezovska, K., Tonic-ribarska, J., Nestorovska, A. K., Sterjev, Z., Filipce, A., … Suturkova, L. (2017). Optimization of Bioanalytical LC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Risperidone And Its Active Metabolite 9-OH Risperidone in Human Plasma And Urine. 7(12), 54–64.
Patients, P., Weide, K. Van Der, & Weide, J. Van Der. (2015). The Influence of the CYP3A4* 22 Polymorphism and CYP2D6 Polymorphisms on Serum Concentrations of Aripiprazole, 35(3), 228–236. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0000000000000319
Raggi, M. A., Bugamelli, F., Sabbioni, C., Saracino, M. A., & Petio, C. (2005). HPLC-DAD determination of plasma levels of the antipsychotic risperidone and its main metabolite for toxicological purposes. Journal of Separation Science, 28(3), 245–250. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200401939
Salemi, M., Spina, E., Avenoso, A., & Facciola, G. (2000). Determination of risperidone and its major metabolite 9-hydroxyrisperidone in human plasma by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. 746, 173–181.
Selva, M. S., & Ramanathan, M. (2016). Concurrent determination of olanzapine, risperidone, and 9-hydroxyrisperidone in human plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection method : application to pharmacokinetic study. (June 2015), 263–268. https://doi.org/10.1002/bmc.3545
Snyder, L. R., Kirkland, J. J., & Glajch, J. L. (1997). Practical HPLC Method Development 2nd ed - L. Snyder, et al., (Wiley, 1997) (pp. 1–542). pp. 1–542.
Titier, K., Deridet, E., Cardone, E., Abouelfath, A., & Moore, N. (2002). Simplified high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone in plasma after overdose. 772, 373–378.
Zhang, J. P., Lencz, T., Geisler, S., DeRosse, P., Bromet, E. J., & Malhotra, A. K. (2013). Genetic variation in BDNF is associated with antipsychotic treatment resistance in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 146(1–3), 285–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.01.020
Zhang, J. P., & Malhotra, A. K. (2011). Pharmacogenetics and antipsychotics: Therapeutic efficacy and side effects prediction. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, 7(1), 9–37. https://doi.org/10.1517/17425255.2011.532787
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Published
2022-06-27
How to Cite
Yusuf, L. Y., Hasanah, A. N., & Barliana, M. I. (2022). Condition Optimization for The Analysis of Risperidone and 9-0H-Risperidone by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Medical Laboratory Technology Journal, 8(1), 12–19. https://doi.org/10.31964/mltj.v0i0.424
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