Clinicopathological Study of Mucormycosis in Post Covid Patients, an Epidemic in Pandemic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31964/mltj.v0i0.438Keywords:
Mucormycosis, Prevalence, Post COVID patients, Diabetes Mellitus, Corticosteroids.Abstract
Mucormycosis is an angio-invasive disease caused by saprophytic fungi of the order Mucorales. Mucormycosis has been established and recognized as a complication of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mucormycosis, well known as "black fungus" is creating an epidemic within a global pandemic. The use of different dose regimens, prominent steroids, and multiple comorbidities like Diabetes Mellitus and post-COVID could predispose to mucormycosis. The aim of the study was to study the increase in cases and morphological features of mucormycosis infection in hospitalized post-COVID patients. This prospective study was done for four months, from May 1st, 2021, to August 31st, 2021. All the suspected cases of mucormycosis specimens sent to the Department of Pathology, J.J.M. Medical College, Davangere, for histopathological diagnosis were considered. For microscopic examination, the collected samples were fixed in 10% formalin solution, processed, and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. Periodic Acid-Schiff special staining was done. Thirty cases of mucormycosis were collected from patients who had recovered from COVID-19. Mean age 63±12 (37-80) years with Male:Female ratio being 1.3:1. The mean duration between diagnosis of COVID-19 and development of symptoms of mucor was 23.5±10 (7–60) days. Rhino-orbital mucormycosis was the most typical presentation. Out of 30 cases, 28 cases (93.3%) were Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and 2 cases (6.6%)were nondiabetic. All patients received corticosteroids for the treatment of COVID-19. Trinity of COVID -19, Diabetes Mellitus, and Corticosteroid treatment was significant for the rise in mucormycosis cases. Mucormycosis is an invasive fungal infection and had seen a sudden surge during the second wave of COVID-19. In our study, most patients had a history of diabetes, and corticosteroid therapy with rhino-orbital mucormycosis was the most typical presentation. As the severity of the necrosis increases, the presence of fungal hyphae also increases, which leads to extensive destruction of tissue. Extra vigilance in immunosuppressed patients helps in reducing the morbidity and mortality due to mucormycosis in Post COVID era.References
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Chavda, V., & Apostolopoulos, V. (2021). Mucormycosis – An opportunistic infection in the aged immunocompromised individual: A reason for concern in COVID-19. Maturitas, 154, 58-61. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.07.009
Čolović, N., Arsić-Arsenijević, V., Barać, A., Suvajdžić, N., Leković, D., & Tomin, D. (2016). Mucormycosis of the paranasal sinuses in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia. Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo, 144(11-12), 657–660.
Gangneux, J. P., Bougnoux, M. E., Dannaoui, E., Cornet, M., & Zahar, J. R. (2020). Invasive fungal diseases during COVID-19: We should be prepared. Journal de mycologie medicale, 30(2), 100971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2020.100971.
Goel, A., Kini, U., & Shetty, S. (2010). Role of histopathology as an aid to prognosis in rhino-orbito-cerebral zygomycosis. Indian journal of pathology & microbiology, 53(2), 253–257. https://doi.org/10.4103/0377-4929.64342.
Karadeniz Uğurlu, Ş., Selim, S., Kopar, A., & Songu, M. (2015). Rhino-orbital Mucormycosis: Clinical Findings and Treatment Outcomes of Four Cases. Turkish journal of ophthalmology, 45(4), 169–174. https://doi.org/10.4274/tjo.82474.
Mehta, S., & Pandey, A. (2020). Rhino-Orbital Mucormycosis Associated With COVID-19. Cureus, 12(9), e10726. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10726.
Papadogeorgakis, N., Parara, E., Petsinis, V., & Vourlakou, C. (2010). A case of successfully treated rhinocerebral mucormycosis: dental implications. International journal of dentistry, 2010, 273127. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/273127.
Prakash, H., & Chakrabarti, A. (2021). Epidemiology of Mucormycosis in India. Microorganisms, 9(3), 523. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030523.
Reid, G., Lynch, J. P., 3rd, Fishbein, M. C., & Clark, N. M. (2020). Mucormycosis. Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine, 41(1), 99–114. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401992
Sen, M., Lahane, S., Lahane, T. P., Parekh, R., & Honavar, S. G. (2021). Mucor in a Viral Land: A Tale of Two Pathogens. Indian journal of ophthalmology, 69(2), 244–252. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_3774_20.
Singh, A. K., Singh, R., Joshi, S. R., & Misra, A. (2021). Mucormycosis in COVID-19: A systematic review of cases reported worldwide and in India. Diabetes & metabolic syndrome, 15(4), 102146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2021.05.019
V Jagtap, S., S Jagtap, S., Nagar, V., & Varshney, K. (2021). Invasive mucormycosis in post COVID-19 infection: Case report with review. IP Archives Of Cytology And Histopathology Research, 6(2), 135-139. doi: 10.18231/j.achr.2021.033
Werthman-Ehrenreich A. (2021). Mucormycosis with orbital compartment syndrome in a patient with COVID-19. The American journal of emergency medicine, 42, 264.e5–264.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.09.032.
WHO. (2019). Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO‑2019‑nCoV-Corticosteroids-2020 [Last accessed on 2020 Dec 17].
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Published
2022-06-27
How to Cite
Jayakeerthy, D. P., Mereddy, P. K. R., Govardhan, A., & Bijjaragi, S. (2022). Clinicopathological Study of Mucormycosis in Post Covid Patients, an Epidemic in Pandemic. Medical Laboratory Technology Journal, 8(1), 52–60. https://doi.org/10.31964/mltj.v0i0.438
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